Linux_Shutdown_Commandline

RESTART/REBOOT LINUX

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Linux: Reboot: How to reboot from the command line??

Method: reboot from the command line:

 shutdown -fr now # restarts

or

 shutdown -r now # restarts

or

 reboot

---

---

Method: reboot using <DEL>

When in a text mode screen,

press <DEL>

---

SHUTDOWN LINUX

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Linux: shutdown: How to shutdown from the command line??

Method: shutdown from the command line:

 shutdown -fr now # shutdown

Web Development

RABU - 12/3/08

Web Development dibahagikan kpd 2 :

• Static --- Pure HTML
• Dynamic

Static

• Content
• nk ubah/edit perlu buka semula fail tersebut
  
• pages yang tersedia

Dynamic

• content can be anything (dynamicly loaded into web page)
• Develop guna mySQL & PHP
• Keperluan : web server (-> apache) + mySQL + PHP
• Software : WAMP, XAMP, Easy PHP [ ada ketiga-tiga keperluan diatas -packages)

Web Authoring Tools -> Dreamweaver

Buat folder untuk...( step )

1. /var/www/html
2. mkdir shadia
3. vim index.html

Web development is a broad term for any activities related to developing a web site for the World Wide Web or an intranet.
This can include e-commerce business development, web design, web content development, client-side/server-side coding, and web server configuration.
However, among web professionals, "web development" usually refers only to the non-design aspects of building web sites, e.g. writing markup and coding.
Web development can range from developing the simplest static single page of plain text to the most complex web-based internet applications, electronic businesses, or social network services.
For larger businesses and organizations, web development teams can consist of hundreds of people (web developers).
maller organizations may only require a single permanent or contracting webmaster, or secondary assignment to related job positions such as a graphic designer and/or Information systems technician.
Web development may be a collaborative effort between departments rather than the domain of a designated department.

Reference-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_development

Firewall

Merupakan suatu aplikasi @ perisian yang mengawal in & out bound (apa saja yg masuk dr network card) network traffic

• menapis in / out dlm network
• pengawal traffic (allow & block)
• bukan antivirus
• cth firewall (COMODO -> rules allow + block)

Keperluan pada pc :

• utk kawal in & out bound yg berlaku dlm network card
• control sebarang komunikasi atr pc dgn pc yg lain / host lain drpd network card.
• hanya menggunakan rules
  
  • 1. allow + deny
    
  • 2. accept + firewall
  • 3. allow + block

* Setiap komunikasi yang berlaku menggunakan IP + Port
Port
80 - http
8080 - proxy
21 - ftp
53 - DNS
110 - POPS
22 - ssh (hacker selalu guna)
20 - telnet

* Reason guna firewall Staff & student :

• tidak benarkan mana-mana pihak boleh control server
• Kalau student & staf boleh control server maka tiada fungsi Chief Network Server

* PC standalone tidak boleh control PC lain untuk block kerana ia bukan server (iaitu PC yg lain2 tidak connect pada PC tersebut)


A firewall is a dedicated appliance, or software running on another computer, which inspects network traffic passing through it, and denies or permits passage based on a set of rules.

Reference - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewall

Latihan hacked di www.hackthissite.org

Di website ini disediakan cara2 utk hack website berdasarkan kepada Basic Level, Mission level dan seterusnya. Untuk Basic Level didalamnya terdapat 10 stage...
kusut kepala utk lepas setiap stage nih....aduhai... (kak murni kata utk menjadi hackers yg sebenaqnya kena fikior secara kritis / analitics thinking....)...
Tapi bagi diA,sebenarnya klu takde basic belajaq html coding, script (javascript & vbscript) tu tak leh gak... jadi blur2..gitu ;-p
Lama dah ngaji coding2 tuh....mcm siput jer nk buat ujian kt www.hackthissite.org ...hmmm
Sehingga tarikh hari ini 25/2/08 dari 22/2/08 baru lepas stage 7 @ nk masuk stage 8.

Hacked Website menggunakan SQL Injection (magic code)

SQL Injection - Magic Code

Berikut adalah antara website yg berjaya nadia masuki dan ketika ini mungkin website-website tersebut telah kemaskini (update) :
1. http://www.inneresteem.com
2. http://myeshop4u.com
3. pgcs.upm.edu.my/pli
4. www.diginex.com.my
5. http://www.alhidayah-tamesna.com
6. www.agriplaza.com.my
7. www.lamwood.net
8. http://www.iccweb.com
9. www.mcmweb.org
10. http://www.bima.net
11. www.melrosepyro.com
12. http://bcahosting.com
13. http://www.mathcounts.org
14. www.malangkab.go.id
15. www.nyscatholicconference.org

Remote File Inclusion (RFI)

Remote File Inclusion (RFI)

• 1 teknik yang digunakan untuk ceroboh website internet drpd komputer kawalan jauh (remote computer)
  
• is a technique used to attack Internet websites from a remote computer.
• berlaku dlm programming yg tidak mempertimbangkan security khususnya dlm php
• berlaku dalam url
  
• include

• 

Cross Site Scripting @ XSS

XSS

• curi cookies
• 1 teknik yg digunakan oleh attacker utk hantar sebrg script pd web user.
• berlaku pd aplikasi web
• script yg biasa digunakan oleh XSS Javascript@VBscript utk mdptkn cookies


• cth :
• masukkan script (vbscript) utk buatkan (dokumen.cookies) & dptkn cookies tsbt copy & paste pd website / pc.
• website rujukan http://www.milw0rm.com
  

Definisi umum:

Mana2 attacker akan hantar script pd website user yg ada vulnerability, x kira mana2 script php,html script atau lain2 yg digunakan dihantar pd website user / aplikasi web utk bypass @ masuk website tsbt.
* cara utk hack komputer : (ada byk cara )

1. SQL Injection
   
2. Remote Injection

* masukkan

• guestbook
• upload file

"What is Cross Site Scripting?"

Cross site scripting (also known as XSS) occurs when a web application gathers malicious data from a user. The data is usually gathered in the form of a hyperlink which contains malicious content within it. The user will most likely click on this link from another website, instant message, or simply just reading a web board or email message. Usually the attacker will encode the malicious portion of the link to the site in HEX (or other encoding methods) so the request is less suspicious looking to the user when clicked on. After the data is collected by the web application, it creates an output page for the user containing the malicious data that was originally sent to it, but in a manner to make it appear as valid content from the website. Many popular guestbook and forum programs allow users to submit posts with html and javascript embedded in them. If for example I was logged in as "john" and read a message by "joe" that contained malicious javascript in it, then it may be possible for "joe" to hijack my session just by reading his bulletin board post. Further details on how attacks like this are accomplished via "cookie theft" are explained in detail below.


Reference : http://www.cgisecurity.com/articles/xss-faq.shtml#whatis